Grades K-5

Matter and its Interactions

2-PS1-1.  Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

2-PS1-2.  Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose.

5-PS1-3.  Make observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties. 

Energy

4-PS3-2.  Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

4-PS3-4.  Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Waves: Light and Sound

1-PS4-1.  Plan and conduct investigations to provide evidence that vibrating materials can make sound and that sound can make materials vibrate

1-PS4-4.  Use tools and materials to design and build a device that uses light or sound to solve the problem of communicating over a distance.

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

K-PS2-1.  Plan and conduct an investigation to compare the effects of different strengths or different directions of pushes and pulls on the motion of an object.  

K-PS2-2.  Analyze data to determine if a design solution works as intended to change the speed or direction of an object with a push or a pull.

3-PS2-1.  Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object.

3-PS2-2.  Make observations and/or measurements of an object’s motion to provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion.

Matter and Its Interactions

2-PS1-1.  Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

2-PS1-2.  Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose.

2-PS1-3.  Make observations to construct an evidence-based account of how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and made into a new object.

Energy

4-PS3-1.  Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

4-PS3-2.  Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

4-PS3-3.  Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide.

4-PS3-4.  Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Waves: Light and Sound

1-PS4-1.  Plan and conduct investigations to provide evidence that vibrating materials can make sound and that sound can make materials vibrate.

1-PS4-4.  Use tools and materials to design and build a device that uses light or sound to solve the problem of communicating over a distance.*

Engineering Design

K-2-ETS1-1.  Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool.

K-2-ETS1-2.   Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem.

K-2-ETS1-3.   Analyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each performs.

3-5-ETS1-1.   Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost.

3-5-ETS1-2.   Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

3-5-ETS1-3.   Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.

Grades 6-8

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

MS-PS2-2.  Plan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object’s motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.

Energy

MS-PS3-1.  Construct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass of an object and to the speed of an object. 

MS-PS3-2.  Develop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system. 

MS-PS3-4.  Plan an investigation to determine the relationships among the energy transferred, the type of matter, the mass, and the change in the average kinetic energy of the particles as measured by the temperature of the sample. 

MS-PS3-5.  Construct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object. 

Engineering Design

MS-ETS1-1.  Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.

MS-ETS1-2.  Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

MS-ETS1-3.  Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.

MS-ETS1-4.  Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved.

Grades 9-12

Engineering Design

HS-ETS1-1.  Analyze a major global challenge to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants.

HS-ETS1-2.  Design a solution to a complex real-world problem by breaking it down into smaller, more manageable problems that can be solved through engineering.

HS-ETS1-3.  Evaluate a solution to a complex real-world problem based on prioritized criteria and trade-offs that account for a range of constraints, including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics as well as possible social, cultural, and environmental impacts.

HS-ETS1-4.  Use a computer simulation to model the impact of proposed solutions to a complex real-world problem with numerous criteria and constraints on interactions within and between systems relevant to the problem.

Energy

HS-PS3-1.  Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

HS-PS3-3.  Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.*